87 key variable sets, 2,649 series, 109 countries — every one defined, sourced, and rebuilt each year. This page is the reference.
All historical series are sourced from the United Nations, the World Bank and national statistical agencies. Where sources conflict or gaps exist, Global Demographics applies its own documented reconciliations. Actual data runs from 2005 to the most recent available year — and the underlying database reaches back to 1994, with the longer series used to fit the forecasting models.
Forecasts to 2065 use proprietary algorithms and statistical models developed and refined by Global Demographics Ltd since 1997. The model is a system of linked demographic and socioeconomic equations, calibrated separately for each country — and it is the same system that powers Interactive Demographics, the Online Database, and our books.
| Family | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Population | Total population, births, deaths, migration, and age profile in five-year steps, by gender. |
| Households | Number of households and average household size. |
| Education | Education profile of the adult population and school-age cohorts. |
| Employment | Working-age population and employment by age and gender; propensity to be employed. |
| Productivity & GDP | Output per worker, total GDP, and the proportion of GDP paid in wages. |
| Incomes | Household incomes and their distribution across income segments. |
| Expenditure | Household expenditure by income segment and category. |
| Health | Health-related demographic indicators linked to the age profile. |
Read the full variable definitions
Most long-range forecasts extrapolate. Ours calculates. The population of 2045 is not a trend fitted to the past — it is today's population, aged forward cohort by cohort, with births, deaths and migration applied year by year.
The workforce follows from the population via education and the propensity to be employed at each age; GDP follows from the workforce via productivity; incomes follow from GDP via the wage share; and spending follows from incomes. Because each link is explicit, you can change any one of them — which is precisely what Interactive Demographics lets you do.
See the model schematic"The workers of 2045 have already been born. The retirees of 2065 are in the workforce today." Why demographic projection is more calculation than speculation